Substation schematics have changed, a lot. Modern digital substations now include schematics that never existed in old substations. Actually, it’s a totally different philosophy and this is not easy for “old engineers” to adopt and switch to new logic and... Read more

The post Biggest Mistakes in Analyzing Modern Substation Schematics appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The transition from conventional electrical substations to fully digital substations represents one of the most profound technological shifts in the power delivery industry. By replacing miles of copper wiring with fiber optic cables and utilizing the IEC 61850 standard for... Read more

The post The Curse of a Digital Substation: So Advanced and Fragile appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

As we all know, all substation equipment (should) have a metal plate with its “full name and address” on it. Here we’ll discuss transformer nameplate, precisely power and distribution transformers and information that their nameplates carry. A nameplate that provides... Read more

The post Learn How to Interpret Transformer Nameplate Information appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

In power systems, reliability is not achieved by design alone. It is established through a structured process of verification, validation, inspection, and testing carried out at different stages of the equipment lifecycle. Whether the equipment is a power transformer, switchgear... Read more

The post Substation Equipment: From Type Testing to Factory and Site Acceptance Testing (FAT, SAT) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Overhead conductors are widely used in electrical substations to interconnect primary equipment such as circuit breakers, disconnectors, current transformers, and busbars. Although these conductors often span relatively short distances compared to transmission lines, their selection remains a critical engineering task.... Read more

The post Four Essential Engineering Studies for Selecting Overhead Conductors in Substations appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Energy resources are the backbone of every country in the world. As we are currently witnessing the beginning of the world’s biggest energy crisis in the last 80 years, I believe that every country is now reviewing its energy capacities... Read more

The post Connecting a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) to the Grid: Design Issues and Warnings appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This technical article explains some of the recommended and most important tests that MUST be performed on the Gas-Insulated Substation after the installation. Such tests are visual inspections, testing for control of cables, bus leakage and gas quality checks, main... Read more

The post The Most Important Post-Installation Tests of a Gas-Insulated Substation (GIS) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This article explores the complete spectrum of substation maintenance philosophies from Corrective and Preventive Maintenance to Predictive, Condition-Based, and ultimately Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM). It explains how each approach evolved, where it fits within modern substations, and how utilities can transition... Read more

The post Substation Maintenance Transition Toward Clever Data-driven Asset Management appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Generally, electric motors are highly reliable (except they’re not!) machines that require little maintenance. In practice, often even this little care is neglected, and problems with motors come ‘unexpected’ like a hurricane. Let’s discuss the eleven most common problems in... Read more

The post Eleven Common Problems in Electric Motors and Their Remedy appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

This article gives a systematic and pragmatic look into Substation Automation Systems, dealing with the constraints of traditional (now old) SCADA-based substations and advancing to modern SAS systems. We’ll discuss the strong arguments and field practice in moving from hardwired automation,... Read more

The post Field practice in moving from an old SCADA-based to a modern substation automation system (SAS) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

An industrial load with a connected load need above 2000 kVA usually requires multiple feeding transformers to restrict the system’s fault level. The fault level of an electrical network indicates the supply source’s capacity to withstand a faulty circuit, expressed... Read more

The post Hands on schemes: Mechanical and electrical interlocking of feeders (to prevent parallel operation) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Have you experienced “As Built” substation drawings that significantly differ from the original documents provided by the engineer for construction? Diverse factors cause these modifications in the field. However, in almost all instances, modifications to the design in the field... Read more

The post Facing “As Built” substation drawings that barely match construction drawings appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Modern power systems are undergoing fundamental transformation. The rapid growth of inverter-based resources—such as battery energy storage systems (BESS), solar PV plants, wind farms, HVDC links, electric vehicle chargers, and power-electronic-dominated industrial loads—has significantly altered the harmonic behavior of electricity... Read more

The post Why Compliance to Harmonic Studies Is Now Mandatory for Modern Power Systems appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The main goal in the industrial world is to prevent major disruptions in controlled processes, but protecting the information system and the data it contains is also an important concern. As a result, successful attacks can have catastrophic implications. Regardless... Read more

The post Cybersecurity of the Eight Most Used Industrial Protocols appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The pilot project of installation the temperature monitoring system (researched, developed and manufactured by VTI) deployed at critical substations on the power system managed and operated by Vinh Phuc Power Company (a member of Northern Power Corporation – EVNNPC) in... Read more

The post A Case Study of Substation Temperature Monitoring System appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

The design of the high-voltage substation must include consideration for the safe operation and maintenance of the secondary equipment. The substation secondary systems are those systems which provide the functionality necessary to ensure safety of personnel engaged in operation of... Read more

The post Practical Precautions for Substation Secondary Equipment appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

There are numerous possible reasons for electrical power to go out. This story presents the interesting facts about the eight most common faults in the MV and LV distribution systems, which include vehicles hitting poles, trees touching or falling on... Read more

The post Interesting Facts About the Eight Most Common Distribution Network Faults appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Modern power systems are undergoing a profound transformation. The rise of harmonic distortion is becoming a huge problem. The traditional grid once dominated by large synchronous generators and linear loads—has evolved into a complex, inverter-rich network driven by renewable generation,... Read more

The post The Rise of Harmonic Distortion in Modern Power Systems appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

Ring Main Units are compact modules that are gas-insulated and sealed, comprising main switching devices and ancillary components to ensure continuous secondary power distribution. The precise arrangement and configuration of components always depend on the particular application and loading conditions.... Read more

The post A Practical Guide to the Operation of Ring Main Units appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.

High-voltage substations—especially modern AIS/GIS installations up to 400 kV—are engineered with extreme precision. Every cable, conductor, grounding conductor, insulator, and steel structure is designed according to exact assumptions: soil models, thermal limits, mechanical forces, environmental conditions, lightning protection angles, and... Read more

The post Five Construction Issues That Do Not Follow the Engineering Design (And Why They Matter) appeared first on EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal.