Financial portfolio optimization is a difficult yet essential task that has been consistently challenged by a trade-off between computational speed and model...

Financial portfolio optimization is a difficult yet essential task that has been consistently challenged by a trade-off between computational speed and model complexity. Since the introduction of Markowitz Portfolio Theory 70 years ago, robust analysis beyond basic mean-variance—such as large-scale simulations, multistep optimizations, or richer risk measures—was too slow for dynamic decision…

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