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13th China International CSP Conference: Chengdu in May


Source: LinkedIn
FREE! 13th China International CSP Conference (CPC2026) is coming to Chengdu on May 28-29, 2026!

Under the theme “Step into a New Era of Large-Scale Development,” co-hosted by CSPPLAZA, Royal Tech CSP & Cosin Solar, this flagship event (12-year legacy, once drew 1,028+ industry leaders) aligns with China’s 2030 target: 15GW CSP capacity at coal-competitive costs!
With domestic tech leadership, industrial chain maturity, and policies boosting integration with wind/ PV, it’s a pivotal moment for CSP.
Inviting gov officials, experts, investors, developers, EPCs & researchers worldwide to shape the future of solar thermal power.
See you in Chengdu! 🌞#CSP #SolarThermal

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Xinjiang’s Turpan Wustong 1GW CSP + PV expected completion in 2026

Source: Jennifer Zhang, Editor in Chief ESPLAZA and CSPPlaza at LinkedIn

The Wustong CSP + PV Hybrid Project in Tokson County, Turpan City, is one of the key market-oriented renewable energy projects approved in the second batch of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2022.

It is also a flagship project under Turpan’s 14th Five-Year Plan for new energy development and a major demonstration project within Eastern Xinjiang’s large-scale renewable energy base.

Project Overview

The project is located in the Wustonggou area of Tokson County, Turpan City, approximately 6 km south of Provincial Highway S301 and north of the Wustonggou Reservoir, about 48 km from the county center. Situated in a Gobi region with abundant solar resources, the site offers excellent conditions for concentrated solar power (CSP) development.

The project has a total installed capacity of 1GW, comprising:

  • 100MW molten salt tower CSP plant (core component)
  • 900MW photovoltaic (PV) capacity

Technical Configuration

The project adopts a mature molten salt tower CSP technology:

  • 14,680 heliostats, each measuring 6.3m × 4.8m
  • Total reflective area: 440,400 m²
  • 8-hour thermal energy storage system
  • One set each of high-temperature and low-temperature molten salt tanks
  • Total molten salt inventory: approximately 21,000 tonnes

This configuration enables long-duration energy storage, stable power output, and efficient integration of variable renewable energy.

Construction Progress

  • 2022: Included in Xinjiang’s second batch of market-oriented grid-connected renewable energy projects, marking project initiation.
  • July 31, 2023: Cosin Solar Technology Co., Ltd. awarded the contract for the CSP solar field system, confirming core technology and equipment supplier.
  • September 2023: Official groundbreaking; main civil construction commenced.
  • January 2024:450MW of PV modules installed220kV #1 booster station commissioned for trial operationCSP civil works reached 60% completion; receiver tower construction reached 60m height
  • November 2024: All 14,680 heliostats installed, completing a key milestone for the solar field
  • April 2025: Final design technical briefing and construction drawing review completed; project entered full-scale construction and installation phase
  • July 8, 2025: Steam turbine casing closure completed, marking a critical milestone for the conventional island
    September 18, 2025: Distributed Control System (DCS) energized and restored; project entered integrated system commissioning phase
    December 1, 2025: Water filling test for molten salt tanks completed; key thermal storage system acceptance milestone achieved
    January 20, 2026: Insulation works for molten salt tanks completed
    February 2026: Jiangsu Lianchu Energy Technology shortlisted for molten salt commissioning works; salt melting expected to be completed by
    April 30, 2026

Read More: Jennifer Zhang, Editor in Chief ESPLAZA and CSPPlaza at LinkedIn

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2,000MWht Molten Salt Thermal Storage Deployed as Installation Works Begin at CNNC HuiNeng’s 1.6GW Clean Energy Project in Jinta County

A major energy storage plant in China incorporates a 2,000MWht molten salt thermal energy storage system

Source ESPlaza:

Construction activity is ramping up at the steam supply station of CNNC HuiNeng’s 1.6GW clean energy support project in Jinta County, Gansu province, as engineering teams push ahead with schedule, quality, and coordination targets. On site, works including rebar installation and concrete pouring are progressing in parallel, reflecting a rapid transition into the next phase of delivery.
Located within the Jinta Nuclear Technology Industrial Park, the project represents a total investment of RMB 830 million and covers an area of approximately 10 hectares. It is a key component of Gansu’s third batch of large-scale clean energy base developments. The project is designed to establish an advanced “power–heat–storage” conversion and integration system, combining multiple energy sources into a unified framework.

Core infrastructure includes a 440MW electric steam boiler system, three 25MW molten salt electric heaters, and a 2,000MWht molten salt thermal energy storage system. Together, these systems will enable integrated “wind–solar–storage–heat” coupling, enhancing energy flexibility and providing stable, dispatchable thermal supply to support industrial demand in the region.

The project has now entered a critical phase, marked by the final stages of civil construction and the commencement of equipment installation. Civil works are underway across five main process buildings and three auxiliary facilities, with earthworks and concrete pouring nearing completion.

Key equipment is arriving on site in sequence. Five electric steam boilers have been delivered, with the first unit successfully hoisted into position on March 16. Installation of the remaining units is progressing as planned. This milestone signals the project’s transition from civil engineering to mechanical and process installation, as construction shifts from below-ground to above-ground works.

According to project timelines, the main structures are expected to be topped out by June 30, grid connection conditions achieved by July 20, and steam supply readiness reached by September 30.

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Published at Applied Energy – Performance benchmark of thermal energy storage concepts in concentrating solar power


Abstract:
Thermal energy storage (TES) plays a critical role in enhancing the efficiency and dispatchability of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants by mitigating solar energy intermittency. Although molten salts remain the dominant TES solution, alternative systems such as solid-state and latent heat storage offer promising advantages. This study analyses the performance impact of different TES technologies—two-tank molten salt, concrete-based storage, and phase change materials (PCMs)—when integrated into CSP systems. By comparing key performance indicators under identical operating conditions, this study provides insights into the suitability of each TES technology for CSP plant operations. The results highlight the trade-offs between energy yield, efficiency, and footprint. All three concepts demonstrated comparable performance at both the system and TES levels, with disparities of less than 3 %. The advantage of PCM lies in its substantial volume reduction of approximately 27 % compared to molten salt, whereas concrete TES achieves similar outcomes with a slight increase in volume relative to molten salt TES volume.

Pablo D. Tagle-Salazar, Luisa F. Cabeza, Cristina Prieto, Performance benchmark of thermal energy storage concepts in concentrating solar power, Applied Energy, Volume 404, 2026, 127183, ISSN 0306-2619, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.127183

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Published at Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews – Concentrated solar power (CSP) driven desalination systems: A techno-economic review


Abstract:
The rising global demand for freshwater, coupled with the urgency to transition away from fossil fuel-based energy systems, has intensified research into sustainable desalination solutions. However, conventional desalination methods reliant on fossil fuels are highly energy-intensive, presenting substantial obstacles to achieving a low-carbon energy transition. Concentrated solar power (CSP) presents a compelling alternative, particularly for arid regions with high direct normal irradiation (DNI). This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in CSP-driven desalination technologies, with a particular focus on key methods such as multi-stage flash distillation (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED), membrane distillation (MD), and innovative hybrid systems. It systematically categorizes solar desalination technologies based on their functional components, economic feasibility, and research progress, highlighting advancements in hybrid system designs, thermal performance optimization, and economic evaluations. Although CSP desalination has experienced significant growth over the past five years, challenges remain in developing cost-competitive solutions, particularly in addressing parasitic losses during integration with conventional power systems. This review identifies potential strategies to overcome these challenges, including optimized system configurations, the integration of thermal energy storage, the adoption of advanced power cycles, and the hybridization of MED-RO systems. Realizing the full potential of CSP for sustainable freshwater production will require advances in materials, system integration, and hybrid configurations. A multidisciplinary approach—combining thermal sciences, desalination engineering, power systems, and techno-economic analysis, alongside supportive policies—is key to establishing CSP desalination as a viable solution for high-DNI, water-scarce regions. This review provides a timely and comprehensive overview of current progress and future directions, offering practical insights for advancing sustainable desalination technologies.

M. Imran Khan, Muhammad Reshaeel, Faisal Asfand, Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, Muhammad Farooq, Mushtaq Khan, Furqan Tahir, Yusuf Bicer, Muhammad Asif, Mohammad Rehan, Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan,
Concentrated solar power (CSP) driven desalination systems: A techno-economic review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 226, Part B, 2026, 116311, ISSN 1364-0321 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.116311

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Published at Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews – Computational modeling of high-concentration solar systems using ANSYS-Fluent: Verified models, implemented methods, & existing challenges


Abstract:
Solar energy is a clean, abundant, and sustainable power source that forms the foundation of energy sustainability. Researchers have focused on examining various factors affecting solar energy generation and storage to improve the efficiency of solar collectors. They have evaluated different design criteria, considering environmental elements such as wind speed, solar radiation, and ambient temperature. Both experimental methods and numerical simulations, including Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), have been used. ANSYS-Fluent CFD modeling, in particular, provides a cost-effective alternative to experiments by simulating fluid flow and heat transfer within solar collectors. This article reviews recent advances in numerical modeling of concentrating solar systems, using ANSYS-Fluent, detailing the models and methods employed while discussing current challenges. It covers various solar concentrators, including evacuated tube collectors (ETC), Linear Fresnel reflectors (LFR), Compound Parabolic Collectors (CPC), and Solar Towers (ST). Summaries of previous studies are tabulated, highlighting different CFD models, techniques, and assumptions. The main goals and results of these studies are outlined. The article also discusses validation techniques and compares experimental data with simulation outcomes, assessing the employed numerical models and methods. It emphasizes common physical models, solution strategies, and assumptions used in analyzing different solar concentrating systems. Additionally, it identifies current challenges, suggests future research directions, and offers perspectives to help advance understanding. This work aims to support researchers in understanding current trends in the numerical simulation of high-concentration solar collectors. Scholars can use this resource to select appropriate models and methods, leveraging their strengths and avoiding common pitfalls in CFD analysis of solar collectors with ANSYS-Fluent.

A.S. Abdelrazik, M.A. Sharafeldin, Mohamed Elwardany, A.M. Masoud, Abdelwahab N. Allam, Bashar Shboul, Ahmed O. Eissa, Mansur Aliyu,
Computational modeling of high-concentration solar systems using ANSYS-Fluent: Verified models, implemented methods, & existing challenges,
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 226, Part C, 2026, 116305, ISSN 1364-0321, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2025.116305

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Published at Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells – Metallurgical solid waste-derived skeleton enables shape-stabilized phase change materials with robust properties for high-temperature (≥600 °C) thermal energy storage

Abstract:
Solid waste-based heat storage materials are attractive due to their low carbon emission and cost effectiveness, demonstrating significant potential for application in concentrated solar plants and waste heat recovery. In this study, steel slag, red mud and iron tailings were used as three types of metallurgical solid wastes to develop form-stable composite phase change materials (C-PCMs) for high temperature (≥600 °C) thermal energy storage in combination with NaCl-Na2SO4 eutectic salt. The thermophysical and mechanical properties of the C-PCMs were comprehensively investigated. Results showed that both red mud and iron tailings had better salt loading capacity than steel slag, which could effectively encapsulate 50 wt% salt without leakage. And these two C-PCMs also exhibited excellent compressive strength of 90 MPa and 81 MPa, respectively. In particular, red mud based C-PCMs showed a phase transition temperature of 625 °C and latent heat of 70 J/g, which only decreased by 2.8% after 200 thermal cycles, indicating good thermal cycling stability. By contrast, iron tailings based C-PCMs initially had lower latent heat of 48 J/g at 622 °C due to the reaction between SiO2 and Na2SO4, but its latent heat increased significantly by 66.6% to 80 J/g after 200 cycles through self-reorganization of the phase during thermal cycling. The results of this work might lay a solid foundation for further exploration of metallurgical solid waste in high temperature thermal energy storage, thereby significantly contributing to carbon emission reductions in both the resource and energy sectors.

Feng Jiang, Hao Wang, Dejian Pei, Tongtong Zhang, Jian Song, Yi Jin, Xiang Ling, Metallurgical solid waste-derived skeleton enables shape-stabilized phase change materials with robust properties for high-temperature (≥600 °C) thermal energy storage, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Volume 300, 2026, 114272, ISSN 0927-0248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2026.114272

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Abstract submission deadline extended to March 30

SolarPACES conference 2026

SolarPACES 2026 – Call for Abstracts ­
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The 32nd SolarPACES Conference will take place on September 15-18, 2026 in Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany. Don’t miss the opportunity to share your research findings and latest insights with the international CSP/CST community and submit your abstract.

Due to numerous requests, we have extended the deadline to March 30.
­
­­­Submit Your Abstract Now
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Concentrated solar lithium battery recycling demo bests fossil-fueled recovery rate

PROMES-CNRS researchers have further advanced their lithium-ion battery recycling using concentrated solar heat. The team has now shown they can recover 76% of the lithium and up to 99.3% of the cobalt at 1100°C.

Working with the French battery recycling company SNAM, the PROMES team has modeled and has now demonstrated a proof of concept for recycling lithium-ion batteries using concentrated solar pyrometallurgy for carbothermal reduction, which they presented at SolarPACES 2025

“Our cobalt recovery rate of 99.3% is comparable to or better than what is typically achieved with conventional fossil-fuel-based pyrometallurgy,” lead researcher Ahmed Benamar confirmed.

The lithium recovery at 76% is also much better than the recovery rate in the conventional process – which is just 30%.

“This demonstrates that our solar-assisted process can match or exceed traditional methods while offering significant environmental benefits through reduced CO₂ emissions.”

This battery recycling concept originated at PROMES-CNRS

The field is only a few years old. In 2023, PROMES lead researcher Gilles Flamant first demonstrated that CST-driven carbothermal reduction for battery recycling could work. At the time, he was just beginning to consider how using a temperature sequence might affect the process.

“Perhaps it is possible to use various temperatures, or at one high temperature in a single step?” Flamant mused in an interview with SolarPACES.

Indeed, gradually increasing the temperatures, designed to allow different reactions to occur sequentially at each step, was behind the success of the current work.

“In our current research, we are implementing a precisely controlled temperature sequence (900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C) to optimize the reduction process,” said Benamar.

“Temperature control is a critical aspect of our pyrometallurgical process. We use a PID controller to manage the temperature by adjusting shutter blades, ensuring precise control over both heating and cooling rates. This level of control is essential for achieving consistent and reproducible results.

The original work in 2023 did not isolate and deeply study the carbothermal reduction step in isolation, or rigorously characterize what was happening to individual elements at different temperatures. But it established the fundamental principles of concentrated solar for battery recycling using pyrometallurgy. This work now builds on that original concept, using a more refined experimental approach that includes detailed process optimization and validation.

Why solar for carbothermal pyrometallurgy?

Today’s battery recycling relies on fossil fuels (either burner or fossil fuel-based electricity) to supply the high temperatures required for pyrometallurgy, which is not sustainable in the long term.

Pyrometallurgy involves smelting, roasting, and calcination to separate valuable metals from impurities, playing a crucial role in the recycling of iron, steel, and batteries. But when heat is supplied by fossil fuels, it is energy-intensive and emits greenhouse gases. Concentrated solar now can reach these temperatures over 1000°C.

Chemical dissolution (hydrometallurgy) can recover metals (particularly Cobalt and Lithium) more selectively, but it generates hazardous liquid wastes.

There is a need for a clean, scalable recycling method for the volumes the world will soon produce — the lithium-ion battery market is projected to nearly triple from $54 billion to $140 billion between 2024 and 2033.
Both metals, cobalt and lithium, are scarce and increasingly valuable

The Democratic Republic of Congo holds 98% of the world’s cobalt reserves, and mining it is inherently brutal work in small, unpredictable artisanal mines that cannot be systematically mined with machinery. The dust causes lung diseases.

Lithium mining is less environmentally problematic, but it’s also geopolitically concentrated among very few nations.

How the demo worked

Carbothermal reduction in pyrometallurgy uses a carbon source – graphite in this case (but biomass char can also be used) – as the reducing agent to reduce metal oxides into elemental metals. Graphite is a strong reducing agent; it has a strong chemical affinity for oxygen and will pull it away from the metal oxides when given enough thermal energy to drive the reaction.

Concentrated solar energy supplied the heat directly to over 1000°C to perform the carbothermal reduction in an oxygen-free container.

For this on-sun proof-of-concept test, the team used a 25-square-meter tracking mirror that followed the sun, redirecting its radiation onto a 2-meter parabolic reflector, to refocus the energy to up to 1100°C at the focal point, where the sample was enclosed in a sealed, transparent reactor. The temperature was precisely controlled by adjusting the shutters to regulate the amount of refocused sunlight reaching the sample.

Lithium-cobalt oxide and graphite, mixed in a 1:1 molar ratio, were placed in small alumina crucibles and heated at a rate of 50°C per minute to a sequence of targeted temperatures of 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C, and held there for 45 minutes, then cooled.

This sequence of temperatures causes the carbon to ultimately strip the metal oxides of their oxygen, which disperses as a gas, leaving the metals.

While cobalt was successfully recovered as a solid metal with 99.3% recovery rate, lithium proved trickier: its recovery peaked at around 70% by 900°C and actually declined as the temperature rose, apparently because lithium species vaporize as a gas at extreme temperatures, something their thermodynamic modeling hadn’t predicted.

The researchers are working on finding a fix for this partial lithium escape.
“Our simulations indicated that lithium vaporizes as both atomic lithium gas (Li) and lithium oxide gas (Li₂O),” Benamar specified in a follow-up email.

“During cooling, these gases react with CO₂ or CO in the atmosphere, reforming as Li₂CO₃ (the white powder observed). This understanding has helped us refine our approach to lithium recovery.”

The goal now is to understand the fundamental behavior well enough to refine the process.

Another unexpected challenge they already solved was that the alumina crucible containing the sample unexpectedly combined with the lithium.

“To fix the contamination issue with alumina crucibles, we switched to using MgO crucibles, which successfully eliminated the contamination problem. This change has allowed us to achieve cleaner separation of elements and more consistent recovery yields,” he said.

Next up: solar pyrometallurgy for EV batteries

Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) batteries are used in most modern electric vehicles. The team is now working on a recycling technology for this increasingly commercially prevalent battery chemistry and on the development of a pilot-scale solar reactor.

“We are still gathering data, but our preliminary results are promising,” Benamar noted. “With the projected accumulation of end-of-life NMC batteries in the next five to 10 years, developing effective recycling methods for this chemistry is becoming urgent.”

Flamant foresees that commercialization would see many midsize or smaller solar battery recycling plants, rather than a few large ones, greatly reducing the capital expense for concentrated solar startups. And the timing is perfect.

“You have a kind of delay between the development of battery uses and the production of waste,” he said. “We are now just starting to see an increase in the quantity of waste batteries that must be treated. The quantity isn’t really big right now, but in five or 10 years, it will be. Just in time for a solar process.”

These small solar pyrometallurgy battery recycling plants would be suitable for many regions around the world, those with at least 1800 kWh/per square meter annual DNI. All of Southern Europe, India, Africa, much of China, and most of Australia, the Southwest US and South America could generate these temperatures with concentrated solar for these recycling plants.

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Published at Energy Conversion and managaement – Design and performance study on a novel solar moving-bed pyrolysis reactor for waste salt treatment


Abstract:
Industrial waste salts with organic impurities require eco-friendly treatment. Conventional pyrolysis relies on fossil fuels, however, concentrated solar energy offers a clean alternative. This study proposes a novel solar moving-bed pyrolysis reactor for purifying waste salt that combines a planar mirror with a parabolic trough concentrator to enable continuous solar irradiation of a vertical moving-bed reactor. The reactor effectively pyrolyzes organic impurities, achieving a final residual ratio below 0.02, while reactor rotation reduces the circumferential temperature difference to 50 K. Seasonal analysis determined optimal flow rates, resulting in a daily processing capacity of 82.66 kg/d in summer 96 % higher than in winter (42.17 kg/d). Furthermore, A 200 K increase in inlet temperature raised daily capacity by 39.06 %; accordingly, an integrated waste heat recovery system was designed and optimized, further enhancing the daily capacity by up to 40.63 %. This work demonstrates the viability of solar-driven pyrolysis for waste salt purification and highlights the importance of operational optimization for industrial solar thermal applications.

Z.J. Dong, H. Ye, W.J. Yan, Y.B. Tao, Design and performance study on a novel solar moving-bed pyrolysis reactor for waste salt treatment, Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 348, Part C,
2026, 120748, ISSN 0196-8904, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120748

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Published at Energy Conversion and Management – Constructing a novel closed-loop and efficient pathway for multi-functional CO2 utilization in concentrated solar power systems


Abstract:
In concentrated solar thermochemical cycles, CO2 utilization enables both energy storage and release. However, the high energy consumption associated with CO2 compression has limited the overall performance of solar power generation. In this work, an energy storage system coupling thermochemical and electrochemical cycles is proposed. This system constructs a “heat storage − electricity storage − electricity release − heat release” closed-loop path for the multi-functional utilization of CO2, achieving efficient and low-cost green power production. Energy analysis showed that the thermoelectric cycle coupling enabled the thermochemical subsystem to achieve a round-trip efficiency of 37.78 %, which represented a relative increase of 9.54 % compared to the conventional thermochemical system. Furthermore, the peak round-trip efficiency of the electrochemical subsystem is 74.70 %. The hybrid system achieved a maximum round-trip efficiency of 52.28%. Exergy analysis revealed that the thermochemical subsystem achieved an exergy efficiency of 41.55 %. The hybrid system achieved an exergy efficiency of 53.47%, with a relative increase of 28.69 %. Economic analysis showed that the hybrid system achieved the levelized cost of 94.55 $/MWh, representing a reduction of 40.42 % compared to the conventional thermochemical storage system. Therefore, this hybrid system has great potential for the multi-functional utilization of CO2.

Yang Yu, Zhipeng Zhang, Binjian Nie, Nan He, Qicheng Chen, Zhihui Wang, Liang Yao, Constructing a novel closed-loop and efficient pathway for multi-functional CO2 utilization in concentrated solar power systems, Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 353, 2026, 121187, ISSN 0196-8904, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2026.12118

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Published at Solar Energy – Design of a SiC-Si moving packed-bed particle-to-sCO2 heat exchanger for high temperature concentrating solar power applications


Abstract:
Particle-based concentrating solar power systems integrated with sCO2 power cycles offer high thermal efficiencies but require durable heat exchangers to transfer heat from high-temperature particles to the sCO2 working fluid. This study presents the design and optimization of a silicon carbide-silicon moving packed-bed heat exchanger for fabrication via binder jetting additive manufacturing. The heat exchanger was designed to withstand a 20 MPa sCO2 pressure and operate at particle inlet temperatures up to 750 °C. The final design features 152 sCO2 channels distributed across 19 plates, with elliptical corners and a minimum wall thickness of 3 mm. Flow restrictors at the sCO2 channel inlets significantly improved flow uniformity, reducing thermal stresses and achieving a structural reliability of 99 % under representative operating conditions. The heat exchanger delivers a thermal duty of 9 kW and a volumetric power density of approximately 1 MW/m3 in the channel region. Sensitivity studies confirmed the heat exchanger’s robustness under varying operating conditions, demonstrating its viability as a high-performance alternative to metallic heat exchangers for particle-based high-temperature concentrating solar power applications.

Bipul Barua, Christopher P Bowen, Wenhua Yu, Wenchao Du, David M France, Kevin Albrecht, Mark C. Messner, Dileep Singh, Design of a SiC-Si moving packed-bed particle-to-sCO2 heat exchanger for high temperature concentrating solar power applications, Solar Energy, Volume 303, 2026, 114114, ISSN 0038-092X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2025.114114

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Published at Energy – Turbo-assisted direct solar air heater for medium temperature industrial processes using Linear Fresnel Collectors. Assessment on daily and yearly basis


Abstract:

The study analyzes an innovative concentrating solar thermal system aimed at the direct production of hot air for industrial applications. Air is heated inside linear Fresnel collectors in an open to atmosphere circuit, not requiring the use of a primary heat transfer fluid and a heat exchanger, with their associated cost and maintenance. Matching an automotive turbocharger with the solar field avoids auxiliary energy consumption for pumping the airflow. The detailed quasi-steady numerical model implemented, including commercial collector and turbocharger technical features, allows to scrutinize the daily and yearly operating time profile of a medium scale plant with a 633.6 m2 solar field. Considering the typical meteorological year of the selected location (Madrid, Spain), the numerical results indicate that hot air is provided at a remarkable quasi-constant temperature between 300 °C and 400 °C despite the solar variations, delivering 330 MW h per year without overheating the receiver evacuated tubes.

Antonio Famiglietti, Antonio Lecuona, Mercedes Ibarra, Javier Roa, Turbo-assisted direct solar air heater for medium temperature industrial processes using Linear Fresnel Collectors. Assessment on daily and yearly basis, Energy, Volume 223, 2021,120011, ISSN 0360-5442, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120011

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Published at Thermal Science and Enginering Progress – Techno-economic assessment of a concentrating solar air heater and packed-bed thermal energy storage for medium-temperature industrial process heat


Abstract:
Among the solar thermal technologies, the Linear Fresnel collector can provide solar heat for industrial processes in the medium temperature range of 150–400 °C. Hot air is widely used as a process medium in several industrial processes, such as drying, curing, and cooking. Although steam, pressurized water, and thermal oil are widely used heat transfer fluids in the solar field, the use of air appears as an interesting alternative; it reduces installation costs as well as the risks associated with leakages, and it enables a direct coupling with the air-based thermal processes. This work proposes an innovative layout using Linear Fresnel collectors for direct solar air heating up to 350 °C in an open-to-atmosphere circuit, avoiding liquid heat transfer fluid in the solar field and heat exchangers. A packed-bed thermal energy storage using copper slags as the filler material is coupled with the concentrating solar air heater to increase the solar fraction to the medium- temperature industrial process. A comprehensive techno-economic analysis is carried out to assess the viability of the proposed concept, establishing the design methodology and operation strategy for improving economic performance. The solar system of 360 kW peak thermal power is integrated on an air-based industrial process having a natural gas burner as the conventional heat source, considering four different demand profiles. A methodology for optimizing the packed-bed size is implemented. A levelized heat cost between 50 – 60 €/MWh is achieved by the combined system. Besides, the demand profiles 24/7 and 10/5 are found to have the highest potential to integrate the proposed system, enabling high solar fraction up to 0.6 with limited cost increase.

Antonio Famiglietti, Ignacio Calderón-Vásquez, José Miguel Cardemil, Ian Wolde, Ruben Abbas, Techno-economic assessment of a concentrating solar air heater and packed-bed thermal energy storage for medium-temperature industrial process heat, Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, Volume 70, 2026, 104529, ISSN  2451-9049, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2026.104529

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